KPV

About KPV

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide fragment (residues 11-13) of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, comprising lysine, proline and valine. It has been extensively investigated for anti-inflammatory signalling at melanocortin pathways, with particular focus on gut-barrier integrity, colitis models and cytokine modulation. Supplied as lyophilised powder for in vitro laboratory research only.

Research Applications

• Investigated for downregulation of NF-κB signalling and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in cell models
• Studied for effects on intestinal-epithelial integrity in murine models of colitis
• Researched for modulation of mast-cell and neutrophil activity in inflammation assays
• Associated with anti-inflammatory action via melanocortin-pathway signalling in vitro
• Used in research on dermal inflammation, atopic-dermatitis models and skin-barrier studies
• Investigated for antimicrobial activity against Candida and selected bacterial strains

Research Mechanism — KPV

A simplified summary of what KPV is studied for in research models. For laboratory in-vitro use only.

1. 1

   Molecular target

   KPV is studied for intracellular activity that appears largely independent of melanocortin receptor binding. Research has examined uptake via peptide transporters in epithelial models.

   • PEPT1/PEPT2 oligopeptide transporter substrate
   • Intracellular NF-κB pathway interaction
   • Limited direct affinity at MC1-R/MC3-R/MC4-R
2. 2

   Investigated pathways

   Preclinical research has explored attenuation of pro-inflammatory transcription in cultured macrophages and enterocytes. Studies have characterised effects on cytokine mRNA expression.

   • Inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation
   • Reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation
   • Modulation of TNF-α and IL-1β transcription
3. 3

   Preclinical research applications

   Preclinical studies have explored KPV in murine colitis models and intestinal epithelial cell cultures. Not approved for human use.

   • DSS-induced colitis rodent inflammation models
   • Caco-2 enterocyte transport and signalling assays
   • RAW 264.7 macrophage cytokine response studies

For research use only. KPV is not approved as a medicine in the UK and is not intended for human or veterinary administration. See the compliance page for full terms.